Activation mechanisms of inflammasomes by bacterial toxins
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Autoproteolytic Activation of Bacterial Toxins
Protease domains within toxins typically act as the primary effector domain within target cells. By contrast, the primary function of the cysteine protease domain (CPD) in Multifunctional Autoprocessing RTX-like (MARTX) and Clostridium sp. glucosylating toxin families is to proteolytically cleave the toxin and release its cognate effector domains. The CPD becomes activated upon binding to the e...
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Inflammasomes are cytosolic, multiprotein complexes assembled by members of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) and PYHIN protein families in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger signals, and serve as activation platforms for caspase-1. Recently, a new noncanonical inflammasome pathway has been described that activates caspase-11, an understudied pro-inflammatory caspas...
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Recent studies have offered a glimpse into the sophisticated mechanisms by which inflammasomes respond to danger and promote secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Activation of caspases 1 and 11 in canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes, respectively, also protects against infection by triggering pyroptosis, a proinflammatory and lytic mode of cell death. The therapeutic potential of in...
متن کاملInflammasomes and their activation.
The innate immune system relies on the recognition of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors as a first line of defense and to initiate the adaptive immune response. Substantial progress has been made in defining the role of Nod (nucleotide-binding oligimerization domain)-like receptors and AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) as pattern recognition receptors that activate inflammasomes in macrophag...
متن کاملBacterial toxins.
Many bacterial toxins are proteins, encoded by the bacterial chromosomal genes, plasmids or phages. Lysogenic phages form part of the chromosome. The toxins are usually liberated from the organism by lysis, but some are shed with outer membrane proteins in outer membrane vesicles. An important non-protein toxin is lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, which is a constituent of the cell wall of gram ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Cellular Microbiology
سال: 2021
ISSN: 1462-5814,1462-5822
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13309